UNIFLOR SASING

LITERARY APPRECIATION

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ELEMENTS OF FICTION,POETRY AND DRAMA

&

HISTORY OF FILM AND VIDEO

BY

SERVASIUS KAMI

2012 510 638

FACULTY OF LETER

ENGLISH LETER STUDY PROGRAM

FLORES UNIVERSITY

ENDE

2015

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ELEMENTS

OF

 FICTION,POETRY AND DRAMA

1.      FICTION

According to Toni Morrison, fiction is distinct from fact,it is the product of of imagination ,invention , and it claims the freedom to dispense with ‘ what really happened’ or where it really happened, or when it really happened and nothing in it need  to be publicly verifiable ,although much of it can be verified. Introduces of fiction it can be divided in several technical terms, such as character, plot,setting,theme,narrator,style and tone. With these terms will help the reader to understand how short stories are put together and make it easier for us to read them and to write them.

The elements of fiction :

§  Character

Character is a fictional person in a story and readers first reactions to him or her are usually base on their subjective capcity to empathize with the characters’s experiences.

§  Plot

Plot is the arragement of the events in a story according to a pattern devised by the writer and inferred by the reader.

§  Setting

Setting is such as time,place, and social context of a story constitute.

§  Theme

Theme is the central idea of the story.

§   Narrator

Narrator is a technique that writers used to create a particular point of view from which they will tell the story, present the action and shape the readers responses.

§  Style

Style is the way writers express theirselves.

§  Tone

Tone is the manner, attitude and situation.

2.      POETRY

According to William Wordsworth defines that poetry is an overflow of powerful feelings it’s mean that they share an imaginative view of language and a believe in the power of words. The elements of poetry such as images, similie,metaphor,symbol,personification, paradox.

The elements of Poetry :

·         Images

Images are words and phrases that communicate sensory experiences and convey moods and emotions.

·         Simile

Simile is a direct comparison between two explicit terms, usually introduced by like or as.

·         Symbol

Symbol is a sign that point to meanings beyond its literal significance.

·         Personification

Personification is the atribution of human qualities to animal, ideas, or inanimates things.

·         Paradox

Is a statement that appears to be  contradictory and absurd but displays an element of truth.

3.      DRAMA

Drama is the art form in which the playwright collaborates with actors, director, and designers of set, lighthing and costume to produce an aural, visual and social experience. The elements of the drama such as characterization ,plot, and theme.

The elements of drama :

§  Characterization

Characterization is the characters that action in drama. Characterization such as dramatis perrsonae, stage direction, protagonist, antigone.

§  Plot

In the drama plot is the arrangement of the dramatic action of a play.

§  Theme

Theme is the central idea or ideas dramatized in a play.

HISTORY OF FILM AND VIDEO

Throughout its history ,which reached its cetennial in 1995, film has served a number of purposes and assumed a number of roles. No serious consideration of the forces that shaped twentieth century culture could conceivably ignore the impact of movie. From their beginnings, movies have documented events, personalities, and places providing not only invaluable sources of information to scholars but a sense of how things looked and felt.

Film and Literature

Narrative film share  a number of common features with dramatic and prose literature ,including theme,plot,characterization ,setting, and narrative point of view.In addition, movie have created film equivalents of sich literary elements as imagery, methapor,symbols, and rethorical devices.from the very beginning films looked to literature,to novels,plays ,short stories,even poems for sources and subject.Other films, while not direct adaptations, are inspired by literature or literary figures.The differences between film and literature,however,bear consideration.Ideas and characters can be more fully developed in a novel or a play. Movies tend to los their strong points as well as the audience whwn they try to incorporate extended exposition or become unduly philosophical. This does not mean that narrative films are necessary more shallow than literary works, only that their depths must be reached via other means.

Genre

Genre movies follow certain formulaic conventions, conforming to patterns of structuring stories and creating heroes,heroines and villains. Horror films, westerns, musicals, science fiction, crime and detective stories,romantic comedies, and melodramas are all examples of readly recognized  movie genres.But the concept of genre is hardly limited to these more “popular” example. The study of genre allows us to recognize ways in which a particular film resembles or differs from others. A consideration of a film;s place within a genre tradition highlights  the ways in which it conforms to familiar and therefore safe patterns as well as the way in which it may be unique. Genre study also reveals the expectations that audiences bring to the movies , as well as their capacity and willingness to accept revisions of cherised formulas.

Psychology and character

In addition to relyng on words ,dialogue and other traditional literary methods of perceiving characterization ,films can convey or reinforce certain behavioral traits thorough nonliterary means . one of these is the familiarity af actors and actresses. Audience from relationships with film performers and presume certain traits of character  to be an integral part of the personality regardless of the specific role the performer is playing.

Point of view

In literature point of view refers to the prespective through which an action, an events or an entire story is seen and or told.while it is often caressly applied and just a caressly over looked by film critis , point of view can be a key to understanding the entire structure and look of film

Language

Language is naturally a significant part of a film’s composition. As in literature ,it reflects the cultural and social circumstances of characters as well as their abilities or limitations in dealing with the world. The way in which language affects or even constructs certain realities can also be dramatically and compellingly demonstrated in film.

Gender

Since gender has been a prominent issue in cultural studies in recent years ,it has naturally shaped the way certain conventions of narrative film have been perceived. Understanddably ,it has also affected film production itself and the conception of character. Some films raise the issue directly ,placing in the forefront some aspect of the theme of the relations between the sexes.

Imagery and Technique

Most of good movies and all great ones are so not because they have great plots or themes and memorable lines. They leave their mark because they have effectively used the elements of the medium.Just as any great poem or play must convey its important ideas through articulate and imaginative language the single most important element of literature ,any truly effective film must convey its ideas and its emotional and psychological force through the elements unique to film.

On Using Video

The study of film has been transformed by the advent and proliferation of video.Undoubtedly ,many students ,along with the general population , see more movies in the video format than on a theater screen. This is a mixed blessing. On the one hand, many visual and compositional aspects of films are lost or significanctly altered on video , and the reduction of the size of the image alone makes it less  compelling.